Determination of Multi-Elemental Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench Species

In this study, multi-elemental analysis and antioxidant activity of samples belonging to two different populations of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench known as the immortal flower was determined. The results obtained were compared among themselves. Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Na, Li, Be, B, Ti, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mo, and Pb element contents of the sample belonging to the B population were determined that be higher than that of the other population. The K, V, Mn, Co, Cu, As, Se, Sn, and Ba element contents of the sample belonging to the G population were determined that be higher than that of the other population. When the antioxidant activity results of the species were evaluated; according to the CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) method, the sample extracts of the B and G populations were determined that showed lower activity than the standard BHA, BHT, and Trolox values at 20 and 40 µg/mL concentrations, and showed close activity compared to the standards at 80 µg/mL concentrations. The species was determined that be antioxidant activity even at low concentrations. According to DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, the antioxidant activity of the extract of the B and G populations was determined as 22.95 and 23.76 mg TE/mL, respectively

Providing Survivability In Optical Wdm Mesh Networks Considering Adaptation

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2007Internet kullanımının artışı ile birlikte, hızla büyüyen bant genişliği isteklerini karşılayabilecek olan optik WDM ağları, gelecekteki en uygun Internet omurgaları haline gelmiştir. Oluşabilecek herhangi bir bağlantı hatası, o bağlantı üzerinden geçen tüm ışık yollarının başarısızlığına yol açabilir. Bu yüzden, optik WDM ağları etkili hata bağışıklığı yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır.Optik WDM ağlarındaki hata bağışıklığı problemini etkili bir şekilde giderebilmek için son günlerde bir çok yöntem sunulmuştur. Bu yöntemler arasında paylaşılan yol ile koruma yöntemi etkin kaynak kullanımı sağlayabildiğinden, en umut verici yöntemlerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu yöntemde yedek ışık yolları, eğer ilişkili birincil ışık yolları karşılıklı olarak farklı ise yani ortak bağ kullanmıyor iseler, dalga boyu paylaşımı yapabilemekdirler. Bu özelliğinden dolayı paylaşılan yol ile koruma yöntemi, yedek ışık yollarına daha az kaynak ayrılmasını sağlar ve diğer koruma yöntemlerinden daha iyi performans gösterir. Bu çalışmada, bir optik WDM ağına dinamik olarak gelen bağlantı isteklerine cevap verilirken, paylaşılan yol ile koruma ve yeniden yönlendirme özelliğini kullanan etkili bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Adaptasyon sağlayan paylaşılan yol ile koruma yöntemi olarak adlandıralan yeni yaklaşım, dinamik trafik akışında yedek yolların yol açtığı fazla kaynak tüketimini azaltmak için zaman içinde ağı yeni durumlara adapte edebilen, etkili yani daha çok isteğe cevap verilebilen bir servis sağlayabilmektedir. Bağlantıların öncelik beklentisine göre yeniden yönlendirme yapma özelliğinden dolayı servis seviyesinde anlaşma sağlayabilen bir yaklaşımdır.WDM optical networks are able to meet the rapid growth of bandwidth demands and are considered to be the most appropriate choice of future Internet backbone. However, the failure of a network component such as a fiber link can lead to the failure of all the lightpaths that traverse the failed link. Therefore, the huge bandwidth of WDM also requires efficient survivability mechanisms. Recently, new techniques have been proposed to efficiently deal with this problem in mesh networks. Among them, shared-path protection is a promising candidate because of its desirable resource efficiency, which is a result from effective backup sharing. Backup paths can share wavelength channels, when their corresponding working paths are mutually diverse. Therefore, shared-path protection can outperform other protection techniques based on the dedicated reservation of backup capacity. In this work, we focus on rerouting feature to design an efficient algorithm, called Adaptable Shared Path Protection (ASPP), for dynamic provisioning of shared-path-protected connections in optical mesh networks employing WDM. In particular, backup-channel capacity reservation in shared-protection causes too much resource consumption parallel to network load. ASPP provides the adaptation of network against dynamic traffic, and decreases blocking probability thanks to rerouting capability of paths. Also, ASPP can present SLA by providing an uninterrupted traffic flow for connection requests come with a high priority.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Türk diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinde gece yeme sendromu ve ağız sağlığı ilişkileri üzerine çok merkezli araştırma

Objective: Night eating syndrome (NES) is a common eating disorder in which the circadian timing of food intake disturbs. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of NES among dental school students and evaluate its association with body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, and oral health status. Material and Methods: Night eating questionnaire consisting of 14 questions was conducted on dental school students at 3 universities and a total of 30 points and higher was determined as a cutpoint for NES diagnosis. Demographic status, medical status, BMI, smoking/alcohol consumption, carious/filled teeth, and interval of brushing are recorded. Results: Twelve (3.5%) of the study group among 346 attendants revealed NES diagnosis. Students with NES showed significantly higher average body weight values (p0.05). Smoking rates (91.7%) and alcohol consumption (83.3%) were significantly higher in students with NES (p0,05). GYS olan öğrencilerde sigara içme oranları (%91,7) ve alkol tüketimi (%83,3) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). GYS tanılı kişilerde çürük dişlerin sayısı daha fazla, ağız sağlığı durumu ve diş fırçalama alışkanlığı daha kötü bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, diş hekimliği öğrencilerinde GYS tanısının nispeten düşük olduğu sonucunu göstermiştir. GYS, özellikle sigara içme alışkanlığı ve alkol tüketimi olanlarda bozulmuş ağız hijyeni için bir risk faktörü olabilir. Ağız hijyen bilgisi ve tutumları gece yeme alışkanlıklarının azalmasına katkıda bulunabilir

Detecting prosthetic restorations using artificial intelligence on panoramic radiographs

Aim. This study applied a CNN (convolutional neural network) algorithm to detect prosthetic restorations on panoramic radiographs and to automatically detect these restorations using deep learning systems. Materials and Methods. This study collected a total of 5126 panoramic radiographs of adult patients. During model training, .bmp, .jpeg, and .png files for images and .txt files containing five different types of information are required for the labels. Herein, 10% of panoramic radiographs were used as a test dataset. Owing to labeling, 2988 crowns and 2969 bridges were formed in the dataset. Results. The mAP and mAR values were obtained when the confidence threshold was set at 0.1. TP, FP, FN, precision, recall, and F1 score values were obtained when the confidence threshold was 0.25. The YOLOv4 model demonstrated that accurate results could be obtained quickly. Bridge results were found to be more successful than crown results. Conclusion. The detection of prosthetic restorations with artificial intelligence on panoramic radiography, which is widely preferred in clinical applications, provides convenience to physicians in terms of diagnosis and time management

Comparison of artificial intelligence vs. junior dentists’ diagnostic performance based on caries and periapical infection detection on panoramic images

Background: There is information missing in the literature about the comparison of dentists vs. artificial intelligence (AI) based on diagnostic capability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance based on radiological diagnoses regarding caries and periapical infection detection by comparing AI software with junior dentists who have 1 or 2 years of experience, based on the valid determinations by specialist dentists. Methods: In the initial stage of the study, 2 specialist dentists evaluated the presence of caries and periapical lesions on 500 digital panoramic radiographs, and the detection time was recorded in seconds. In the second stage, 3 junior dentists and an AI software performed diagnoses on the same panoramic radiographs, and the diagnostic results and durations were recorded in seconds. Results: The AI and the three junior dentists, respectively, detected dental caries at a sensitivity (SEN) of 0.907, 0.889, 0.491, 0.907; a specificity (SPEC) of 0.760, 0.740, 0.454, 0.696; a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.693, 0.470, 0.155, 0.666; a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.505, 0.415, 0.275, 0.367 and a F1-score of 0.786, 0.615, 0.236, 0.768. The AI and the three junior dentists respectively detected periapical lesions at an SEN of 0.973, 0.962, 0.758, 0.958; a SPEC of 0.629, 0.421, 0.404, 0.621; a PPV of 0.861, 0.651, 0.312, 0.648; a NPV of 0.689, 0.673, 0.278, 0.546 and an F1-score of 0.914, 0.777, 0.442, 0.773. The AI software gave more accurate results, especially in detecting periapical lesions. On the other hand, in caries detection, the underdiagnosis rate was high for both AI and junior dentists. Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation time needed, AI performed faster, on average.Medipol Universit

A deep learning approach to permanent tooth germ detection on pediatric panoramic radiographs

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a deep learning system for permanent tooth germ detection on pediatric panoramic radiographs.Materials and Methods: In total, 4518 anonymized panoramic radiographs of children between 5 and 13 years of age were collected. YOLOv4, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection model, was used to automatically detect permanent tooth germs. Panoramic images of children processed in LabelImg were trained and tested in the YOLOv4 algorithm. True-positive, false-positive, and false-negative rates were calculated. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate the performance of the model.Results: The YOLOv4 model, which detected permanent tooth germs on pediatric panoramic radiographs, provided an average precision value of 94.16% and an F1 value of 0.90, indicating a high level of significance. The average YOLOv4 inference time was 90 ms. Conclusion: The detection of permanent tooth germs on pediatric panoramic X-rays using a deep learning-based approach may facilitate the early diagnosis of tooth deficiency or supernumerary teeth and help dental practitioners find more accurate treatment options while saving time and effort

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Background: We investigated associations between baseline use of immunosuppressive drugs and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Patients and methods: Data of AIH patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected from 15 countries. The outcomes of AIH patients who were on immunosuppression at the time of COVID-19 were compared to patients who were not on AIH medication. The clinical courses of COVID-19 were classified as (i)-no hospitalization, (ii)-hospitalization without oxygen supplementation, (iii)-hospitalization with oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula or mask, (iv)-intensive care unit (ICU) admission with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, (v)-ICU admission with invasive mechanical ventilation or (vi)-death and analysed using ordinal logistic regression. Results: We included 254 AIH patients (79.5%, female) with a median age of 50 (range, 17-85) years. At the onset of COVID-19, 234 patients (92.1%) were on treatment with glucocorticoids (n = 156), thiopurines (n = 151), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 22) or tacrolimus (n = 16), alone or in combinations. Overall, 94 (37%) patients were hospitalized and 18 (7.1%) patients died. Use of systemic glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.73, 95% CI 1.12-25.89) and thiopurines (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 1.33-23.50) for AIH was associated with worse COVID-19 severity, after adjusting for age-sex, comorbidities and presence of cirrhosis. Baseline treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (aOR 3.56, 95% CI 0.76-20.56) and tacrolimus (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 0.69-27.00) were also associated with more severe COVID-19 courses in a smaller subset of treated patients. Conclusion: Baseline treatment with systemic glucocorticoids or thiopurines prior to the onset of COVID-19 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with AIH.Fil: Efe, Cumali. Harran University Hospita; TurquíaFil: Lammert, Craig. University School of Medicine Indianapolis; Estados UnidosFil: Taşçılar, Koray. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Dhanasekaran, Renumathy. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Ebik, Berat. Gazi Yasargil Education And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Higuera de la Tijera, Fatima. Hospital General de México; MéxicoFil: Calışkan, Ali R.. No especifíca;Fil: Peralta, Mirta. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Gerussi, Alessio. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Massoumi, Hatef. No especifíca;Fil: Catana, Andreea M.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Purnak, Tugrul. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Rigamonti, Cristina. Università del Piemonte Orientale ; ItaliaFil: Aldana, Andres J. G.. Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota; ColombiaFil: Khakoo, Nidah. Miami University; Estados UnidosFil: Nazal, Leyla. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: Frager, Shalom. Montefiore Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Demir, Nurhan. Haseki Training And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Irak, Kader. Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training And Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Melekoğlu Ellik, Zeynep. Ankara University Medical Faculty; TurquíaFil: Kacmaz, Hüseyin. Adıyaman University; TurquíaFil: Balaban, Yasemin. Hacettepe University; TurquíaFil: Atay, Kadri. No especifíca;Fil: Eren, Fatih. No especifíca;Fil: Alvares da-Silva, Mario R.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Cristoferi, Laura. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Urzua, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Eşkazan, Tuğçe. Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine; TurquíaFil: Magro, Bianca. No especifíca;Fil: Snijders, Romee. No especifíca;Fil: Barutçu, Sezgin. No especifíca;Fil: Lytvyak, Ellina. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Zazueta, Godolfino M.. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Demirezer Bolat, Aylin. Ankara City Hospital; TurquíaFil: Aydın, Mesut. Van Yuzuncu Yil University; TurquíaFil: Amorós Martín, Alexandra Noemí. No especifíca;Fil: De Martin, Eleonora. No especifíca;Fil: Ekin, Nazım. No especifíca;Fil: Yıldırım, Sümeyra. No especifíca;Fil: Yavuz, Ahmet. No especifíca;Fil: Bıyık, Murat. Necmettin Erbakan University; TurquíaFil: Narro, Graciela C.. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Bıyık, Murat. Uludag University; TurquíaFil: Kıyıcı, Murat. No especifíca;Fil: Kahramanoğlu Aksoy, Evrim. No especifíca;Fil: Vincent, Maria. No especifíca;Fil: Carr, Rotonya M.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Günşar, Fulya. No especifíca;Fil: Reyes, Eira C.. Hepatology Unit. Hospital Militar Central de México; MéxicoFil: Harputluoğlu, Murat. Inönü University School of Medicine; TurquíaFil: Aloman, Costica. Rush University Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Gatselis, Nikolaos K.. University Hospital Of Larissa; GreciaFil: Üstündağ, Yücel. No especifíca;Fil: Brahm, Javier. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: Vargas, Nataly C. E.. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo; PerúFil: Güzelbulut, Fatih. No especifíca;Fil: Garcia, Sandro R.. Hospital Iv Víctor Lazarte Echegaray; PerúFil: Aguirre, Jonathan. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MéxicoFil: Anders, Margarita. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Ratusnu, Natalia. Hospital Regional de Ushuaia; ArgentinaFil: Hatemi, Ibrahim. No especifíca;Fil: Mendizabal, Manuel. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Floreani, Annarosa. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Fagiuoli, Stefano. No especifíca;Fil: Silva, Marcelo. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Idilman, Ramazan. No especifíca;Fil: Satapathy, Sanjaya K.. No especifíca;Fil: Silveira, Marina. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Drenth, Joost P. H.. No especifíca;Fil: Dalekos, George N.. No especifíca;Fil: N.Assis, David. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Björnsson, Einar. No especifíca;Fil: Boyer, James L.. University of Yale. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Yoshida, Eric M.. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Invernizzi, Pietro. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Levy, Cynthia. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Montano Loza, Aldo J.. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Schiano, Thomas D.. No especifíca;Fil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Universidad Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Wahlin, Staffan. No especifíca

Oral cancer awareness in Turkish dental patients

Objectives: This study aims to provide data from dental patients about their oral health attitudes, dental visits, oral cancer predisposing factors and general knowledge about early signs of oral cancer. Methods: This study was conducted on dental examination patients, involving both genders with an age range of 12–77 years. All questions were asked through a written questionnaire. Results: This study included 254 cases with a mean age of 31.8±16.4 years. One hundred and fifty three (60.2%) of the study group consisted of females and 101 (40%) were males. Smoking and alcohol consumption were frequent among the working group and males (p=0.001). Regarding general knowledge about early cancer signs, there was no significance among genders. Considering attitudes of the last dental visits of individuals according to their occupation, the working group displayed significance (p=0.005). The total rate for information about oral cancer, causes and symptoms 20 (7.9%) individuals had positive knowledge. Only 5 (0.02%) of the participants would refer to a dentist for neck swelling. Conclusion: General knowledge of signs and symptoms of oral cancer are low in Turkish dental patients, most declare that early diagnosis is important. The main predisposing factors of oral cancer (smoking and alcohol) are statistically more consumed by the working group but showed no gender predisposition

Quality of information on YouTube about artificial intelligence in dental radiology

Objectives This study was designed to investigate Artificial Intelligence in Dental Radiology (AIDR) videos on YouTube in terms of popularity, content, reliability, and educational quality. Methods Two researchers systematically searched about AIDR on YouTube on January 27, 2020, by using the terms "artificial intelligence in dental radiology," "machine learning in dental radiology," and "deep learning in dental radiology." The search was performed in English, and 60 videos for each keyword were assessed. Video source, content type, time since upload, duration, and number of views, likes, and dislikes were recorded. Video popularity was reported using Video Power Index (VPI). The accuracy and reliability of the source of information were measured using the adapted DISCERN score. The quality of the videos was measured using JAMAS and modified Global Quality Score (mGQS) and content via Total Concent Evaluation (TCE). Results There was high interobserver agreement for DISCERN (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.975; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.957-0.985; P: 0.000;P < 0.05) and mGQS (ICC: 0.904; 95% CI: 0.841-0.943; P: 0.000;P < 0.05). Academic source videos had higher DISCERN, GQS, and TCE, revealing both reliability and quality. Also, positive relationship of VPI with mGQS (30.1%) (P: 0.035) and DISCERN (38.1%) (P: 0.007) is detected. The scores revealed 51.9% relationship between mGQS and DISCERN (P: 0.001); and educational quality predictor scores revealed 62.5% relationship between TCE and GQS (P: 0.000). Conclusion Despite the limited number of relevant videos, YouTube involves reliable and quality videos that can be used by dentists about learning AIDR

Stafne bone defect: Report of two cases

Stafne bone defects are asymptomatic lingual bone depressions of the lower jaw. In 1942, Stafne described for the first time 35 asymptomatic, radiolucent cavities, unilaterally located in the posterior region of the mandible, between the mandibular angle and the third molar, below the inferior dental canal and slightly above the basis mandibulae. In this study, the clinical and radiological characteristics of 2 cases of Stafne bone defects were described. Orthopantomograph and CBCT were used for diagnosing the defects. The bone defects of two patients in this study were asymptomatic and any other bone lesions, such as cysts and tumors, were excluded because no signs of inflammatory or tumoral changes were evident Therefore, surgery was not considered and the patients were followed for 1 year. Stafne bone defect was an incidental finding, presenting no evolutionary changes, and as such conservatory therapy based on periodic controls was indicated. Currently, complementary techniques such as CT are sufficient to establish a certain diagnosis